Notes and Guidelines
Restoration of consistent consumer survey time series for Spain 2025
- General publications
- 8 January 2026
Restoration of consistent business and consumer survey data for Ireland 2025
- General publications
- 28 March 2025
Methodological note on suspended questions
- General publications
- 30 July 2024
Restoration of consistent consumer survey time series for Romania
- General publications
- 26 April 2024
Methodological User Guide
- General publications
- 6 March 2026
BCS press release: Presentational changes as from February 2020
- General publications
- 27 February 2020
Restoration of consistent business and consumer survey data for Ireland
- General publications
- 16 January 2019
A revised Consumer Confidence Indicator,
- General publications
- 21 December 2018
List of 'best practice' for the conduct of business and consumer surveys
- General publications
- 21 March 2014
New question on capacity utilisation in the services sector
- General publications
- 14 November 2013
In case of problems with downloading these files, you can ECFIN-BCS-MAIL
ec [dot] europa [dot] eu (contact us).
Working papers
Studies documents
Financial Services Sector Survey, Report April 2017 by GfK Belgium
Workshop documents
12th Joint EC/OECD Workshop on recent developments in Business and Consumer Surveys
8-9 October 2026, Brussels
Alexandros Charos, WIFO - The results of the ad hoc module “Adjustments to export and import strategies in markets outside the EU” in light of the WIFO Industry survey
12 October 2026
Raymond Ooms, CBS - Impact of economic uncertainty and geopolitical tensions on firms
12 October 2026
Máté Mihályi, Pál Péter Kolozsi, GKI - Tracking the Visibility of Economic Sentiment Indicators in Hungary
12 October 2026
Özgül Atılgan Ayanoğlu, Esteban Callejas Pérez, EC - Economy-wide BCS indicators for capacity utilisation and factors limiting production
12 October 2026
Hubert Stefaniak, Statistics Poland - The changes in NACE and their impact on business tendency survey in Statistics Poland
12 October 2026
Darius Keijdener, CBS - NACE revision Statistics Netherlands
12 October 2026
Daniel Roash, CBS - Preliminary Analysis Following Changes in the Shekel-Dollar Exchange Rate and its Impact on Israeli Businesses
12 October 2026
Patrick Sabourin, Bank of Canada - Under the Microscope: What Does the consumer sentiment (Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectation Indicator) Tell Us, actually?
12 October 2026
Joanne W. Hsu, University of Michigan - Sentiment, Web-Based Data Collection, and Partisanship
12 October 2026
Özgül Atılgan Ayanoğlu, EC - Changeover to NACE 2.1
12 October 2026
Christian Gayer, EC - Business survey data granularity & review of consumer categories
12 October 2026
Esteban Callejas Pérez, Irene Gkiouleka, EC - Programming of 2027 ad hoc questions, outlook on 2028
12 October 2026
Viet Nguyen, University of Melbourne - Measuring Political Polarisation using Consumer Expectations Surveys
12 October 2026
Abdul Khalim, Bank of Indonesia - A Rule-Based Early Warning System for Regional Inflation Management Protocol Evidence from Food Price Stabilization in North Sumatra
12 October 2026
Georgios Gatopoulos, IOBE - The role of economic uncertainty in the investment and employment gap in the Greek economy
12 October 2026
Irene Gkiouleka, Staffan Lindén, EC - Revised confidence indicators for industry, retail trade and construction
12 October 2026
Klaus Wohlrabe, IFO - Symmetric, Constant, and Homogeneous? Testing the Implicit Assumptions of the Balance Statistic in Business Surveys
12 October 2026
Anja Bauer, NIM - Automatic-coding: A use-case for Consumer Climate Deep Dives
12 October 2026
Klaus Wohlrabe, IFO - Question Order and Expectation Formation Experimental Evidence from a Business Survey
12 October 2026
Emmanuelle Guidetti, OECD and Klaus Abberger, KOF - Summary and concluding remarks of the two panel sessions of the 38th CIRET Conference
12 October 2026
EU Workshop on Business and Consumer Surveys
16-17 October 2025, Brussels
Ermelinda Kristo, BoA - Shared concerns, resilient consumer confidence: understanding consumer sentiment in Albania
16 October 2025
Roberta Friz, EC - Analysis of the investment survey in industry and services
16 October 2025
Hubert Stefaniak, PL STAT - Results on investments in Statistics Poland's BTS - regular survey vs. ad-hoc questions
16 October 2025
Koen van't Boveneind, Harm van Hees, CBS- Impact of trade tensions on business strategies and other ad hoc questions in NL
16 October 2025
Klaus Wohlrabe, IFO - Trump's reelection and its causal effects of business expectations of German firms
16 October 2025
Andreas Reuter, EC - Shock waves from turbulent times: How EU businesses recalibrate supply chains - Results of the 2025 EIB/DG GROW supply chain survey
16 October 2025
Kübra Yıldız Özertaş, TCMB - Determinants of firms' inflation expectations
16 October 2025
Luigi Longo, EC - Nowcasting EU GDP growth with business and consumer survey data and other shortterm statistics
16 October 2025
Staffan Linden, EC - Firms' response to tensions and policy changes in foreign markets: Results of the 2025 ad hoc question in the harmonised business surveys, lessons learned and programming for 2026
16 October 2025
Roberta Friz, EC - Results of the 2025 ad hoc question in the harmonised consumer survey, lessons learned and programming for 2026
16 October 2025
Juraj Lecký, SORS - The decline in response rates for business surveys: Season 2, Episode 1
16 October 2025
Christian Gayer, EC - Harmonisation Issues CONS and SERV
17 October 2025
Kamil Franiszyn, PL STAT - Business tendency in the agricultural sector – Cognitive and diagnostic value
17 October 2025
Irene Gkiouleka, EC - Review of the composition and performance of the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI)
17 October 2025
Klaus Wohlrabe, IFO - Trump's reelection and its causal effects of business expectations of German firms
16 October 2025
Werner Hölzl, WiFo - Uncertainty and Business Situation Expectations and elections in Austria 1982 – 2024
17 October 2025
Clement Bortoli, INSEE - Exploring consumers’ savings behaviour in France: empirical evidence from ad-hoc questions added to regular consumer survey
17 October 2025
Staffan Linden, EC - A new saving rate indicator
17 October 2025
11th Joint EC/OECD workshop on recent developments in business and consumer surveys
17-18 October 2024, Brussels
Christian Buelens, Staffan Lindén, EC - Self-declared and revealed inflation inattention in consumer surveys
18 October 2024
Eugene Chang, Emmanuelle Guidetti, Annabelle Mourougane, OECD - Hey <AI Assistant>, are we in recession now? A review of Business Cycle Turning Point Detection
17 October 2024
Roberta Friz, EC - Can managers' selling price expectations predict short-term developments in HICP inflation?
17 October 2024
Stephanie Guichard, TCB - Consumer confidence and the economy – Post-pandemic insights from the US
17 October 2024
Klaus Friesenbichler, Christian Glocker, Werner Hölzl, AT Wifo - The Austrian Supply Chain Pressure Index (ASCPI)
17 October 2024
Damian Loscher, IE IPSOS - Ireland’s economy and the challenges it poses for conducting surveys
17 October 2024
Anastasija Neradová, CZ CZSO - Drivers of Consumer Confidence in the Euro Area
17 October 2024
Patrick Sabourin, Bank of Canada - When the future is hard to predict; the impacts of uncertainty on expectations and consumption spending
18 October 2024
Agnesa Nimanaj, Klaus Wohlrabe, DE IFO - Response Times in Business Surveys: When, how long, and determinants
17 October 2024
Florian Dorn, Jonas Hennrich, Klaus Wohlrabe, DE IFO - Does soccer boost economic sentiment?
17 October 2024