Economic Impact of the Recovery and Resilience Facility in the Netherlands

This study examines the economic impact of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in the Netherlands, leveraging a novel sectoral database and the dynamic general equilibrium FIDELIO model.

Highlights:

• This paper examines the economic impact of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in the Netherlands.
• The results show that the RRF has a total estimated impact in the Dutch economy of EUR 13 bn in the medium term.
• The Netherlands is one of the biggest beneficiaries of spillover effects from other Member States’ RRPs, which leads to a total economic impact of the RRF in the Netherlands which is more than double the size of the Dutch RRP.
• The largest investment in the Dutch plan, an energy efficiency subsidy, has the relatively largest economic impact in rural areas of the country, and its take-up is highest in municipalities with the highest rates of energy poverty among homeowners.
• The findings underscore the importance of considering the EU as a whole when assessing the RRF's impact and highlights that potential effects of the RRF in open and competitive economies can be significantly higher than the initial grant allocation.  

Information and identifiers

Discussion Paper 232. November 2025. Brussels. PDF. 46pp. Tab. Graph. Bibliogr. Free.

KC-01-25-071-EN-N (online)

ISBN 978-92-68-31843-0 (online)  

ISSN 2443-8022 (online)

doi:10.2765/1212018 (online) 

JEL classification: C82, E61, E62, F15, F17, F41, F42, F62.

Disclaimer

European Economy Discussion Papers are written by the staff of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, or by experts working in association with them, to inform discussion on economic policy and to stimulate debate. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of the European Commission.