Quarterly Report on the Euro Area (QREA), Vol. 24, No. 3 (2025)

This Quarterly report examines three policy topics: recent trends and challenges in EU tax expenditures, the effect of public defence R&D on private R&D, and the impact of monetary policy on labour supply.

• Chapter I. Tax expenditures in the EU: recent trends and new policy challenges
• Chapter II. Monetary policy and labour supply in the euro area
• Chapter III. The impact of public defence R&D spending on private R&D spending

Information and identifiers

Institutional Paper 326. November 2025. Brussels. PDF. 44pp. Tab. Graph. Bibliogr. Free.

KC-01-25-053-EN-N (online) 
ISBN 978-92-68-27420-0 (online)
ISSN 2443-8014 (online)
doi:10.2765/9403518 (online)

JEL classification : E32, E52, H23, H24, H5, J22, J23, J64.

Disclaimer

European Economy Institutional Papers are important reports analysing the economic situation and economic developments prepared by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, which serve to underpin economic policy-making by the European Commission, the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament.