Economy and Finance

This paper assesses the impact of recent tariffs, exchange rate dynamics, and uncertainty on EU’s economies. It quantifies cross-border impacts to support macroeconomic surveillance.

This annual report presents a review of key policy developments and analytical findings in the area of public finances.

This paper explores how government fiscal room to manoeuvre —known as “fiscal space”— affects spending on research and development (R&D), which is crucial for innovation and long-term economic growth.

Using firm-level financial statements, this paper provides the first joint assessment of markups, fixed costs, and profitability in the EU, documenting broadly stable market power and contained profitability over 2007-2022.