This section explains how the EU monitors national economic policies, and how and when preventive and corrective measures are put in place.

The European Semester is the framework for integrated surveillance and coordination of economic and employment policies across the European Union.

The Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedures aim to identify, prevent and address the emergence of potentially harmful macroeconomic imbalances that could adversely affect economic stability in a particular Member State, the euro area, or the EU as a whole.

Economic governance in the EU has been reinforced and refined over time, evolving in the context of historical developments.

On 9 November 2022, the Commission adopted a Communication setting out orientations for a reformed EU economic governance framework.

Green budgeting means using the tools of budgetary policymaking to help achieve climate and environmental goals.

National Productivity Boards are independent institutions that help to analyse economic productivity and competitiveness developments and challenges.